ABSTRACT
Biosolids are the product of wastewater or municipal solid waste collected through sewerage treatment; theprocesses of obtaining the biosolids involve various treatment processes, which include digestion, thermalstabilization, thickening, dewatering, and drying, in order to obtain free pathogen granules. These processesundergone by wastewater in the treatment plant ultimately clean the wastewater and remove the solids whichare further treated to an acceptable standard for beneficial soil amendments. The application of biosolids areconsidered to improve soil organic matter, moisture content, and provided essential nutrients, such as nitrogenand phosphorus in arable land as potential plant nutrients supplements for crop optimum yield. Incubationstudies on the biosolids-amended soils have shown significant increases in soil phosphorus content beingreleased as plant available P in the soil, and therefore could be a good source of phosphorus in deficientnative phosphorus soil. Field-scale experiments on wheat are grown with sewage sludge have also shown yieldproduction comparable to mineral fertilizer-treated soils. This review is thereby aimed at explaining the conceptbehind the mineralization and mobilization of biosolids phosphorus in soil. In this review paper, an overviewof the method of preparations, origin, and sources, its application in agriculture and the environment, chemicalcomposition, the environmental risk, soil amendments potentials of the biosolid sand regulatory, and globalperspective of sewage sludge disposal all are reviewed. From the review, it was concluded that mineralizationand mobilization of biosolids phosphorus in soil have beneficial input to both environment and soil nutrientamendment. It is thereby recommended that more research studies should be carried out on the mineralizationand mobilization of another essential element, such as nitrogen and biochar although more research should bedone with respect to mineralization and mobilization of biosolids phosphorus in soil.